Nelson mandela definition ap world history

Definition

Nelson Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary and political leader who became the first Black president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. His leadership was pivotal in ending apartheid, promoting national reconciliation, and implementing democratic reforms in a country that had long been divided along racial lines.

5 Must Know Proof For Your Next Test

1. Mandela was imprisoned for 27 years due to his opposition to apartheid, becoming a global symbol of resistance against racial oppression.
2. After his release in 1990, Mandela played a key role in negotiations to dismantle apartheid, advocating for peace and reconciliation.
3. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 alongside then-President F.W. de Klerk for their efforts to peacefully end apartheid.
4. Mandela's presidency focused on nation-building, economic reform, and addressing the socio-economic disparities caused by decades of apartheid.
5. He remains an enduring symbol of liberty and social justice worldwide, inspiring movements against oppression across the globe.

Review Questions

• How did Nelson Mandela's imprisonment influence international percep

  AP World History Chapter 22 Flashcards

  2507925783DecolonizationDecolonization (US) or decolonisation (UK) is the undoing of colonialism, where a nation establishes and maintains its domination over dependent territories.02507925784Indian National CongressFrom its foundation on 28 December 1885 until the time of independence of India on 15 August 1947, the Indian National Congress was the largest and most prominent Indian public organization, and central and defining influence of the Indian Independence Movement.12507925785Mahatma Gandhi/satyagrahaMohandas Karamchand Gandhi was the preeminent leader of Indian independence movement in British-ruled India.22507925786Muslim LeagueThe All-India Muslim League (popularised as Muslim League) was a political party established in the early years of the 20th century in the Indian Empire.32507925787Muhammad Ali JinnahMuhammad Ali Jinnah, Gujarati: _____, Urdu: _____ was a lawyer, politician, and the founder of Pakistan.42507925788Abdul Ghaffar KhanKhan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, nicknamed as Bacha Khan, Pacha Khan, or Badshah Khan, was a Pashtun independence activist against the rule of the B

  Fall of Apartheid and Nelson Mandela

     

  Topics on the page

   

  The Apartheid System

       -Pre- apartheid racism in South Africa

       -Apartheid definition and outlines

       -Apartheid laws
  

   
  Anti-Apartheid Movements

       -Forward to Freedom

       -Anti- Apartheid Act 1986

       -First All Race Elections 1994
  

   

  Nelson Mandela's Influence

   

  1995 Rugby World Cup

   

  Women of the Apartheid

       -Winnie Mandela

       -Women in General

   

   

   

   

  The Apartheid System

  
  Focus Question: What was the system of apartheid in South Africa?

   

  
  An apartheid, by definition, is the discriminatory and segregationist practices on the basis of race, which is entrenched in and protected by policy and systemic oppression.
  
  The origins of the word referred to the political suppression and economic control imposed by the white minority in South Africa and was literally instituted into the political structures via enactments of apartheid laws i

  AP World Chapter 34

  TermDefinitionBangladeshformerly East Pakistan; after a civil war became independent in 1972.Indira GandhiPrime Minister of India (r. 1966–1977, 1980–1984); daughter of former Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru; dominated Indian politics for several decades.Corazon Aquinopresident of Philippines (r. 1986–1992).Jawaharal Nehruone of Gandhi’s disciples; governed India after independence (1947); committed to program of social reform and economic development; preserved civil rights and democracy.Benazir BhuttoPrime Minister of Pakistan, (r. 1988–1990, 1993–1996).religious revivalisman approach to religious belief and practice that stresses the literal interpretation of texts sacred to the religion in question and the application of their precepts to all aspects of social life.primary productsfood or industrial crops with a high demand in industrialized economies; their prices tend to fluctuate widely.neocolonial economyindustrialized nation’s continued dominance of the world economy, despite the absence of direct political control over the non-industrialized world.Gamal Abdul Nassermember of the Free Officers

  

  Apartheid

  Resistance to apartheid within South Africa took many forms over the years, from non-violent demonstrations, protests and strikes to political action and eventually to armed resistance.

  Together with the South Indian National Congress, the ANC organized a mass meeting in 1952, during which attendees burned their pass books. A group calling itself the Congress of the People adopted a Freedom Charter in 1955 asserting that “South Africa belongs to all who live in it, Black or white.” The government broke up the meeting and arrested 150 people, charging them with high treason.

  Sharpeville Massacre

  In 1960, at the Black township of Sharpeville, the police opened fire on a group of unarmed Black people associated with the Pan-African Congress (PAC), an offshoot of the ANC. The group had arrived at the police station without passes, inviting arrest as an act of resistance. At least 67 people were killed and more than 180 wounded.

  The Sharpeville massacre convinced many anti-apartheid leaders that they could not achieve their objectives by peaceful means, and both the PAC and ANC established military wings, neither of which ever posed a serious military threat to